What effect does carbon monoxide have when inhaled?

When carbon monoxide is inhaled, it binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells much more readily than oxygen does. This reduces the overall capacity of the blood to transport oxygen throughout the body. This binding forms carboxyhemoglobin, which prevents hemoglobin from effectively carrying oxygen to the tissues and organs, leading to symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, and in severe cases, unconsciousness or even death.

Understanding this mechanism is crucial, especially for pilots, because exposure to carbon monoxide can result from engine exhaust or improper ventilation in the cabin. This knowledge helps in recognizing the dangers of carbon monoxide poisoning, ensuring that safety precautions are taken to maintain a safe flying environment and to promptly address any symptoms of exposure.