What is one of the factors contributing to torque?

Torque refers to the rotational force that is produced by the engine and propeller of an aircraft. One of the primary contributors to torque is the asymmetrical loading of the propeller. As the propeller spins, it generates thrust that is not equally distributed across all blades due to their pitch and angle of attack variations. This uneven distribution leads to a difference in lift and drag experienced by each blade, resulting in a rotational effect that tends to roll the aircraft in the opposite direction of the propeller’s rotation.

This phenomenon is particularly pronounced in single-engine aircraft, where the propeller's rotation creates a strong tendency for the airplane to yaw to the left (in a clockwise rotating propeller), requiring the pilot to apply right rudder input to maintain a straight flight path. Understanding this concept is crucial for pilots, as it affects handling, especially during takeoff and climb when power settings are high.

Other factors like centrifugal loading of wings, airfoil shape, and wing-mounted weight do not directly contribute to torque as it relates to the rotational forces created by the propeller itself. Instead, they pertain to different aerodynamic and structural dynamics of the aircraft but do not influence the rotational twist linked to propeller thrust and maneuverability.