What is the function of the pitot tube in an aircraft?

The pitot tube's primary function is to measure ram air pressure, which is essential for determining the aircraft's airspeed. When the aircraft is in motion, air enters the pitot tube, and the pressure created by this airflow is known as dynamic pressure. This dynamic pressure is then compared to the static pressure measured from static ports, allowing the airspeed indicator in the cockpit to display the aircraft's speed relative to the surrounding air.

This measurement is crucial for flight operations because it enables pilots to maintain safe airspeeds during various phases of flight, such as takeoff, landing, and maneuvering. Accurate airspeed readings help in avoiding stall conditions and ensure compliance with various airspeed limitations.

The other options do not explain the function of the pitot tube accurately. The pitot tube does not measure altitude, monitor engine temperature, or calculate weight and balance, as each of these functions is served by different instruments or systems within the aircraft. Understanding the role of the pitot tube is vital for pilots, as it directly impacts flight safety and performance.