What is the function of wing flaps?

The function of wing flaps is primarily to increase lift and drag during landing. When flaps are extended, they change the shape and camber of the wing, which allows the wing to generate more lift at lower airspeeds. This is particularly useful during the approach and landing phases of flight, where maintaining control while flying at slower speeds is critical.

By increasing lift, flaps enable the aircraft to fly at slower airspeeds without stalling, allowing for a shorter landing distance and a safer landing profile. The additional drag created by the extended flaps also helps to slow the aircraft down, making it easier to descend at a controlled rate without losing too much speed. This combination of increased lift and enhanced drag provides pilots with better control over the aircraft during these critical phases of flight.

Additionally, while it's important to understand the various factors affecting flight, the other options do not accurately represent the primary purpose of wing flaps as they pertain to increased lift and drag during the landing process.