What must a pilot be familiar with as part of preflight action according to regulations?

During preflight action, a pilot is required to be familiar with takeoff and landing distances, which involve understanding the runway length needed for a safe takeoff and landing under specific conditions. This includes a comprehensive assessment of factors such as aircraft weight, wind conditions, altitude, and temperature, as these can significantly affect performance. Knowing the required distances allows a pilot to determine if the runway is adequate for the aircraft and ensures safety during critical phases of flight.

While familiarity with minimum safe altitudes, normal procedures for emergencies, and airport traffic patterns are also essential components of flight preparation, the specific regulation mandates that pilots must be particularly aware of the required takeoff and landing distances. This knowledge is crucial for planning a safe flight operation and is an integral part of assessing the suitability of the intended flight route and chosen airfields. Understanding these distances can significantly impact the pilot's decision-making process, particularly in unfamiliar environments or adverse conditions.