Which effect is greatest at low airspeeds with high power settings?

At low airspeeds with high power settings, the torque effect becomes particularly pronounced. This effect occurs due to the engine's propeller rotating in one direction, which creates a reactionary force that tends to roll the aircraft in the opposite direction. As power is increased, the torque effect intensifies, especially at lower speeds when the aircraft’s control effectiveness is reduced.

At low airspeeds, the aircraft has less airflow over its control surfaces, influencing the pilot's ability to counteract the roll tendency induced by the torque. This situation makes it essential for pilots to be aware of torque effects during takeoff and climb, where high power settings are common.

Induced drag, while significant in many flight contexts, is typically more relevant at higher angles of attack rather than specifically at low airspeeds and high power settings. Similarly, drag operates differently under various airflow conditions and isn't maximized by the scenario stated. Control surface responsiveness can also diminish at lower airspeeds, but does not indicate the greatest effect compared to the pronounced torque encountered at high power settings during slow flight.