Which situation is likely to result in exceeding maximum load factor?

Executing level turns can lead to exceeding the maximum load factor due to the banking angle involved in the maneuver. When an aircraft is turned, the wings must generate additional lift to counteract the increased load from the centrifugal force acting on the aircraft during the turn. The load factor, which is expressed in G's, increases with the angle of bank; for instance, a 30-degree bank requires approximately 1.15 Gs, while a 60-degree bank can increase this to 2 Gs.

If the pilot does not manage the bank angle appropriately or if the turn is executed too steeply, the aircraft may exceed its structural limits, resulting in a load factor that surpasses what the aircraft is designed to withstand. This situation highlights the importance of understanding how maneuvers such as turns can affect the aerodynamic loads on the aircraft.

In contrast, other options like climbing at a constant speed, descending steadily, or flying straight and level typically involve stable flight conditions, where the load factor remains close to 1 G and does not induce additional stresses on the airframe.